Scientific publications
Explore the publications from TNO‑ESI, showcasing our research findings and expertise. This includes peer-reviewed articles, conference papers, and research reports, as well as more accessible publications that share insights from our collaborations with industry partners. You can easily search the publications by keyword to find what is most relevant to you.
- Year
- 2014
- Authors
- Li, J.; Li, Z.; Ren, T.; Zeng, X.; Heide, E. van der
Hydrolytic stability and tribological properties of N-containing heterocyclic borate esters as lubricant additives in rapeseed oil
- Published in
- Tribology International, 73, pp. 101-107.
Borate ester compounds are emerging as promising materials for lubricating systems. The main drawback of borate esters however, is the susceptiblity to hydrolysis. In this work, two kinds of N-containing heterocyclic borate esters were synthesized. Their hydrolytic stability and tribological properties as lubricant additives in rapeseed oil were evaluated.
- Year
- 2014
- Authors
- Geilen, M.; Falk, J.; Haubelt, C.; Basten, T.; Theelen, B.; Stuijk, S.
Performance analysis of weakly-consistent scenario-aware dataflow graphs
The timed dataflow model of computation is a useful performance analysis tool for Electronic System Level Design automation and embedded software synthesis. Its determinism gives it strong analysability properties. It is expressive enough to cover a large class of applications and platforms. The trend however, in both embedded applications and their platforms is to become more dynamic, reaching the limits of what the model can express and analyse with tight performance guarantees.
- Year
- 2014
- Authors
- Muller, G.
Architectural Reasoning Explained
This document addresses the way an architect can do his work. It shows many tools that belong to the architect toolkit: The CAFCR model, tools per 5 views (Customer Objectives, Application, Functional, Conceptual and Realization), Qualities, Story telling and Reasoning in multiple dimensions.
- Year
- 2014
- Authors
- Michels, S.; Velikova, M.; Huijbrechts, B.; Novak, P.; Hoeksma, J.; Scheepens, R.; Laarhuis, J.; Bonhof, A.
Enhancing operational work in maritime safety-and-security tasks
- Year
- 2014
- Authors
- Volpato, M.; Tretmans, J.
Active learning of nondeterministic systems from an ioco perspective
Model-based testing allows the creation of test cases from a model of the system under test. Often, such models are difficult to obtain, or even not available. Automata learning helps in inferring the model of a system by observing its behaviour. The model can be employed for many purposes, such as testing other implementations, regression testing, or model checking.
- Year
- 2014
- Authors
- Adyanthaya, S.; Zhang, Z.; Geilen, M.; Voeten, J.; Basten, T.; Schiffelers, R.
Robustness analysis of multiprocessor schedules
Tasks executing on general purpose multiprocessor platforms exhibit variations in their execution times. As such, there is a need to explicitly consider robustness, i.e., tolerance to these fluctuations. This work aims to quantify the robustness of schedules of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) on multiprocessors by defining probabilistic robustness metrics and to present a new approach to perform robustness analysis to obtain these metrics.
- Year
- 2014
- Authors
- Keshishzadeh, S.; Mooij, A.J.
Formalizing DSL semantics for reasoning and conformance testing
A Domain Specific Language (DSL) focuses on the essential concepts in a certain problem domain, thus abstracting from low-level implementation details. In combination with code generators, DSLs bring software development closer to domain requirements. The development of DSLs usually centers around the grammar and a code generator; there is little attention for the semantics of the DSL.
- Year
- 2014
- Authors
- Hendriks, M.; Basten, T.; Verriet, J.; Brassé, M.; Somers, L.
A blueprint for system-level performance modeling of software-intensive embedded systems
- Published in
- Int J Softw Tools Technol Transfer, pp. 20 p..
Exploration of design alternatives and estimation of their key performance metrics such as latency and energy consumption is essential for making the proper design decisions in the early phases of system development. Often, highlevel models of the dynamic behavior of the system are used for the analysis of design alternatives.
- Year
- 2014
- Authors
- Velikova, M.; Novák, P.; Huijbrechts, B.; Laarhuis, J.; Hoeksma, J.; Michels, S.
An Integrated Reconfigurable System for Maritime Situational Awareness
Nowadays the maritime operational picture is characterised by a growing number of entities whose interactions and activities are constantly changing. To provide timely support in this dynamic environment, automated systems need to be equipped with tools—lacking in existing systems—for real-time prioritisation of the application tasks (missions), selection and alignment of relevant information, and efficient reasoning at a situation level.
- Year
- 2014
- Authors
- Aarts, F.; Kuppens, H.; Tretmans, J.; Vaandrager, F.; Verwer, S.
Improving active Mealy machine learning for protocol conformance testing
- Published in
- Machine Learning, 96(1-2), pp. 189-224.
Using a well-known industrial case study from the verification literature, the bounded retransmission protocol, we show how active learning can be used to establish the correctness of protocol implementation I relative to a given reference implementation R. Using active learning, we learn a model M R of reference implementation R, which serves as input for a model-based testing tool that checks conformance of implementation I to M R .

