Scientific publications
Explore the publications from TNO‑ESI, showcasing our research findings and expertise. This includes peer-reviewed articles, conference papers, and research reports, as well as more accessible publications that share insights from our collaborations with industry partners. You can easily search the publications by keyword to find what is most relevant to you.
- Year
- 2025
- Authors
- America, P.H.M.; Laar, P.J.L.J. van de; Lichiardopol, A.M.; Zwam, J. van
Hybrid Analysis: Combining static and dynamic information to analyze software
In the Hybrid Analysis project, we investigated combining static and dynamic information in order to analyse large-scale industrial software. Our goal was to assess the value of adding dynamic data to the static analysis that is already being done on a routine basis and to discover best practices for performing such hybrid analysis.
- Year
- 2025
- Authors
- Gerwen, M.J.A.M. van; Barbini, L.
Diagnosing Systems with Loops : Applying Bayesian Networks on cyclic graphs
- Year
- 2025
- Authors
- Sanden, L.J. van der; Verriet, J.H.
Performance engineering of high-mix low-volume production systems
High-mix low-volume (HMLV) production systems are crucial for enabling mass customization to meet diverse and rapidly changing customer demands. These systems require optimization across various time scales to handle fluctuations in job mix and ensure robustness against unforeseen changes, such as rush orders.
- Year
- 2025
- Authors
- Sanden, L.J. van der; Veen, L.M.F. van; Blankenstein, Y.; Hendriks, D.; Hegge, J.J.A.; Oortwijn, W.A.M.; Peruffo, A.
Stakeholder analysis in applied research projects
In applied research projects, we want to create impact by developing innovative solutions, and land them in the organization. Successfully landing innovations typically requires a direct collaboration with stakeholders in the organization. They need to adopt the results in the system they develop or embed them in their systems development process and way-ofworking.
- Year
- 2025
- Authors
- Oortwijn, W.H.M.; Hooman,J.; Bera, D.; Corvino, R.; Dams, D.R.; Hegge, J.; Hendriks, D.; Laar, P.J.L.J. van de; Minten, J.; Yang, N.
Vision and Outlook for System Evolution and Diversity
High-tech cyber-physical systems (CPS) are becoming increasingly diverse: they may have many variations and configurations, might be part of product families, and may be highly customizable. Additionally, CPSs tend to continuously evolve—have variation in time—for example due to technology updates, changing demands, or changing requirements.
- Year
- 2025
- Authors
- Triantafyllidis, K.; Niknam, S.; Blankenstein, Y.; Hegge, J.
Platform Performance Suite (PPS): A framework for performance analysis & diagnosis of complex cyber-physical systems
The performance of cyber-physical systems (CPS) is a determining factor for their success and often needs to be guaranteed. When performance issues occur, their analysis and the identification of the root-cause should be fast. Typically the analysis requires the relation of system observations (i.e., tracing) to design and implementation artifacts.
- Year
- 2025
- Authors
- Nägele, T.C.; Barbini, L.; Braak, G.J.W. van den; Piedrafita Postigo, A.; Lipplaa, M.M.
SD2Act 2024: Guided diagnosis of functional failures in cyber-physical systems
- Year
- 2025
- Authors
- Muller, G.
What roles of politicians, managers, and systems engineering will be effective in sociotechnical systems?
The functionality that we use as organizations and citizens increasingly arises from a complex interplay of man-built systems, individuals and organizations, and the environment. It is a challenge to get the desired functionality and features consistently, reliably and affordably, without unwanted side effects.
- Year
- 2025
- Authors
- Marincic, J.; Hendriks, T.; Verriet, J.H.; Ekkel, R.; Galle, J.; Rasing, S.; Willems, M.; Speelman, F.; Rienks, M.; Koops, R.
Accelerating the Energy Transition with Modular Building (PLE)
To meet the goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, the Netherlands must scale its electricity grid by a factor of five. Limited building space, a lengthy process to obtain building permits and shortage of skilled labor pose a major constraint. This paper explores how modular building, embedded within a Systems Engineering (SE) and Product Line Engineering (PLE) approach, can help accelerate electricity grid extension, and, ultimately, the energy transition.
- Year
- 2025
- Authors
- Doornbos, R.M.P.; Goosen, P.; Lukkien, J.J.; Teixeira, J.; Vasenev, A.N.
Archipel Study Report : The interplay between Systems- and Software- Engineering
The high tech equipment industry in the Netherlands develops cyber physical systems that are increasingly enabled by software. The interplay between Systems Engineering (SE) and Software Engineering (SWE) remains persistently problematic. Organisations report recurring symptoms such as integration issues, emergent behaviour problems, rework, delays, and budget overruns.

